Iindaba

Inani elikhulu leegesi zoshishino ezifana neoksijini, i-nitrogen kunye ne-argon zisetyenziselwa inkqubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye namashishini ensimbi.Ioksijini isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiziko eliqhumayo, ukunyibilika kokunciphisa isithando somlilo, isiguquli, ukunyibilikisa kwesithando sombane;I-nitrojeni isetyenziselwa ukutywinwa kwesithando somlilo, igesi ekhuselayo, i-steelmaking kunye nokusulungekiswa, ukutshiza kwe-slag kwi-converter ukukhusela isithando somlilo, igesi yokhuseleko, indawo yokudlulisa ubushushu kunye nokucoca inkqubo, njl njl.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuzinza kwemveliso, iintsimbi ezinkulu zentsimbi zixhotyiswe ngesikhululo esikhethekileyo se-oksijini kunye ne-oksijini, i-nitrogen kunye ne-argon power pipe network network.

Amashishini amakhulu esinyithi agcwele inkqubo egcweleyo okwangoku axhotyiswe ngeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo: i-coke oven, i-sintering, i-blast furnace steelmaking, i-converter yombane we-steelmaking yombane, inkqubo yokuqengqeleka, njl. kunye noshishino lwentsimbi luphuhlise inkqubo yenkqubo emfutshane phambi kwentsimbi kumaxesha anamhlanje - ukunyibilika ukwenza isinyithi sokunciphisa, esinciphisa ngokuthe ngqo izinto ezikrwada zentsimbi zibe yintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kwiziko lokunyibilikisa.

Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwirhasi yeshishini efunwa ziinkqubo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilikisa.I-oksijini efunwa yi-smelting blast furnace yesiqhelo yenza i-28% yemfuno ye-oksijini epheleleyo yesityalo sensimbi, kunye ne-oksijini efunwa yi-steelmaking account kwi-40% yemfuno ye-oksijini epheleleyo yesityalo sensimbi.Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokunciphisa i-smelt (COREX) idinga i-78% yexabiso elipheleleyo le-oksijini efunekayo kwimveliso yentsimbi kunye ne-13% yexabiso elipheleleyo le-oksijini efunekayo ekwenzeni insimbi.

Ezi nkqubo zimbini zingentla, ingakumbi inkqubo yokwenza intsimbi yokunciphisa ukunyibilika, ziye zaduma e-China.

Iimfuno zerhasi yokugaya intsimbi:

Indima ephambili yokunikezelwa kwe-oksijeni kwi-blast furnace smelting kukuqinisekisa ubushushu obuthile obuphezulu kwisithando somlilo, kunokuba uthathe inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-smelting reaction.Ioksijini ixutywa kwiziko eliqhumayo kwaye ixutywe njengomoya otyebileyo weoksijini kwiziko eliqhumayo.Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-oksijini yokuqhuma umoya ocetywayo kwinkqubo yangaphambili ngokuqhelekileyo ingaphantsi kwe-3%.Ngokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokuqhuma kwesithando somlilo, ukwenzela ukugcina i-coke, emva kokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-injection yamalahle enkulu, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuveliswa kwesithando somlilo ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa, izinga lokutyebisa i-oksijini yokuqhuma umoya liyenyuka ukuya kwi-5. ∽6%, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kanye kweoksijini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60Nm3/T yentsimbi.

Ngenxa yokuba umxube weoksijini yesithando somlilo sinomoya otyebileyo weoksijini, ukucoceka kweoksijini kunokuba sezantsi.

I-oksijeni kwinkqubo yokunciphisa i-steelmaking yokunciphisa kufuneka ibandakanyeke kwi-smelting reaction, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso yensimbi.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oksijeni kwisithando sokunciphisa i-melting yi-528Nm3 / t yensimbi, eyi-10 ngamaxesha okusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini kwinkqubo yesithando somlilo.Ubuncinci be-oksijini efunekayo ukuze kugcinwe imveliso kwisithando sokunciphisa i-melting yi-42% yexabiso eliqhelekileyo lokuvelisa.

Ukucoceka kwe-oksijeni okufunwa sisithando sokunciphisa ukunyibilika kukhulu kune-95%, uxinzelelo lwe-oksijini yi-0.8∽ 1.0MPa, uluhlu lokuguquguquka koxinzelelo lulawulwa kwi-0.8MPa ± 5%, kwaye i-oksijini kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuba inomlinganiselo othile oqhubekayo. ukubonelela ixesha elithile.Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yomlilo we-Corex-3000, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukugcinwa kwe-oksijini yamanzi ye-550T.

Inkqubo yokwenza isinyithi yahlukile kwisithando somlilo kunye nendlela yokunyibilikisa yokuncibilika kwesithando somlilo.Ioksijini esetyenziswa kwi-converter steelmaking is intermittent, kwaye ioksijini iyalayishwa xa kuvuthelwa ioksijini, kwaye ioksijini ibandakanyeka kwi-smelting reaction.Kukho ubudlelwane obuchanekileyo phakathi komthamo we-oksijini efunekayo kunye nemveliso yentsimbi.

Ukuze kuphuculwe ubomi benkonzo yomguquli, iteknoloji ye-nitrogen slag splashing ngokuqhelekileyo yamkelwa kwiintsimbi zentsimbi okwangoku.I-nitrojeni isetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile, kwaye umthwalo mkhulu ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-nitrogen olufunekayo lukhulu kune-1.4MPa.

I-Argon iyadingeka ekwenzeni intsimbi kunye nokucokisa.Ngokuphuculwa kweentlobo zetsimbi, iimfuno zokucoca ziphezulu, kwaye inani le-argon elisetyenzisiweyo liyakhula ngokuthe ngcembe.

Ukusetyenziswa kwenitrogen yelitye lokungqusha elibandayo liyafuneka ukufikelela kuma-50∽67Nm3/t ngeyunithi nganye.Ngokudityaniswa kwe-cold rolling mill kwindawo yentsimbi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nitrogen yentsimbi yensimbi kwandisa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukwenza intsimbi yombane ikakhulu kusebenzisa ubushushu be-arc, kwaye iqondo lobushushu kwindawo yesenzo se-arc liphezulu ukuya kuma-4000℃.Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa ngokubanzi yahlulwe ibe lixesha lokunyibilika, ixesha le-oxidation kunye nexesha lokunciphisa, kwiziko ayinakubangela kuphela umoya we-oxidation, kodwa inokubangela ukunciphisa umoya, ngoko ke ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-dephosphorization, i-desulfurization iphezulu kakhulu.Isithando sombane esiphakathi luhlobo lweziko lombane eliphakathi luhlobo lokuya kunika amandla amaza ombane angama-50 hz okutshintshana ngoku ukuya kumaza ombane aphakathi (ngaphezu kwe-300hz – 1000 hz) isixhobo sobonelelo lwamandla, isigaba sesithathu esitshintshana sangoku (ac) isiphindaphinda samandla, emva kokulungiswa kube ngoku ngokuthe ngqo, emva koko sibekwe. Umbane olungelelanisiweyo ophakathi, unikezelo lwangoku lwangoku ngokukwazi kunye ne-coil induction ngaphakathi ngokusebenzisa i-intermediate frequency alternating current, ukuvelisa imigca yemagnethi ephezulu kwi-coil induction, i-coil induction, kunye nokusika kwi-cheng fang yezinto zetsimbi, ukuvelisa i-eddy eninzi. okwangoku kwizinto zetsimbi.Ukusetyenziswa kweoksijini enye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-42∽45 Nm3/t.

Vula inkqubo yokwenza intsimbi yeziko ngezinto ezikrwada: (1) intsimbi kunye nemathiriyeli yentsimbi efana nentsimbi yehagu okanye intsimbi etyhidiweyo, inkunkuma;② ii-oxidants ezifana nentsimbi ekrwada, ioksijini ecocekileyo yeshishini, intsimbi ekrwada eyenziweyo;③ iarhente ye-slagging efana nekalika (okanye ikalika), ifluorite, ettringite, njl.;④ i-deoxidizer kunye ne-alloy additives.

Impembelelo yeoksijini ukubonelela umoya we-oxidizing, iziko elivulekileyo lokunyibilikisa igesi yokutsha yangaphakathi (igesi yesithando somlilo) iqulethe i-O2, i-CO2, i-H2O, njl., kubushushu obuphezulu, igesi eyomeleleyo ene-oxidizing ukuya kwi-oksijini etyhidiweyo echibini ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.2 ~ 0.4% yobunzima be-oxygen. isinyithi ngeyure, i-oxidation ye-pool etyhidiweyo, ukwenzela ukuba i-slag ihlale ine-oxidation ephezulu.

Icebiso: Ukunikezelwa kweoksijini ngegesi yesithando somlilo kuphela, isantya sicotha, ukongeza intsimbi yentsimbi okanye ukuvuthela kweoksijini kunokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokusabela.

Iimpawu ze-oksijini ezisetyenziswe kwiintsimbi zetsimbi: ukukhutshwa kwe-oksijini kunye nokulungiswa okuphezulu kunye ne-oxygen.

Indlela yokuhlangabezana nemfuno yeoksijini yeentsimbi zentsimbi?Ngokubanzi, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zamkelwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno:

* Yamkela umthwalo oguquguqukayo, inqanaba eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kolawulo oluphambili, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweoksijini, kunokuba ziiseti ezininzi zokudibanisa

* Amaqela amaninzi eetanki ezingqukuva ezilawula incopho asetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo ukunyusa amandla okuthintela, ukuze isixa esipheleleyo seoksijini esetyenziswa kwixesha elithile izinzile, enokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweoksijini kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu. yesixhobo

* Kwinqanaba eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini, i-oksijini engaphezulu ikhutshwe yi-extraction ye-oksijeni yolwelo;Xa kusetyenziswa i-oxygen peak, isixa se-oksijini sihlawulelwa ngumphunga.Xa umthamo wokumpompa wangaphandle we-oksijeni engamanzi awukhawulelwanga ngumthamo wokupholisa, indlela yangaphandle yokunyibilikisa yamkelwa ukunyibilikisa ioksijini ekhutshiweyo kwaye indlela yokufunxa iyamkelwa ukuba ibe ngumphunga ioksijini engamanzi.

* Yamkela inani leentsimbi zentsimbi eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi yonikezelo lwerhasi, eyenza ukuba isikali sonikezelo lwe-oksijini sisonke sizinze ngokwamaxesha ahlukeneyo okusetyenziswa kwerhasi.

Inkqubo yokudibanisa yeyunithi yokwahlula umoya

Kuphuhliso lwesicwangciso senkqubo yesikhululo se-oksijini kufuneka kumthamo weyunithi, ukucoceka kwemveliso, ukuhambisa uxinzelelo, inkqubo ye-booster, ukhuseleko lwenkqubo, ukubekwa ngokubanzi, ukulawula ingxolo ukwenza isatifikethi esikhethekileyo.

Izixhobo ezinkulu zentsimbi ezineoksijini, umzekelo, imveliso yonyaka ye-10 yezigidi zeetoni zensimbi yokuqhushumba kwenkqubo yomlilo kunye neoksijini ukufikelela kwi-150000 Nm3 / h, imveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezizigidi ezi-3 zenkqubo yokunciphisa iziko lokunyibilikisa nge-oksijini ukufikelela kwi-240000 Nm3 / h, yenza iseti epheleleyo yezixhobo zokwahlula umoya ezikhulileyo ezikhulu ngoku ziyi-6 ∽ 100000 ibakala, xa ukhetha ubungakanani besixhobo kufuneka bube kutyalo-mali lulonke kwisixhobo kunye nokusebenza kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, iinxalenye zolondolozo, zigubungela indawo yoqwalaselo.

Ukubalwa kweoksijini yokwenza intsimbi kwintsimbi yokusila

Ngokomzekelo, isithando somlilo esisodwa sinomjikelezo we-70min kunye nexesha lokusetyenziswa kwegesi ye-50min.Xa ukusetyenziswa kwegesi ku-8000Nm3 / h, ukuveliswa kwegesi (okuqhubekayo) kweyunithi yokwahlukana komoya kufuneka ibe yi-8000 × (50/60) ÷ (70/60) = 5715Nm3 / h.Emva koko i-5800Nm3/h inokukhethwa njengesixhobo sokwahlula umoya.

Itoni jikelele yentsimbi eneoksijini yi-42-45Nm3/h(ngetoni nganye), imfuno yazo zombini i-accounting, kwaye oku kuya kuphumelela.

Okwangoku, amandla okuvelisa amashishini entsimbi kunye nentsimbi yaseTshayina uye watsibela phambili kwihlabathi, kodwa intsimbi ekhethekileyo, ngokukodwa amasimi athile abalulekileyo anxulumene noqoqosho lwesizwe kunye nokuphila kwabantu ngentsimbi kusaxhomekeke kwizinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngoko ke intsimbi yasekhaya kwaye Amashishini entsimbi akhokelwa yi-Baowu Iron kunye ne-Steel Factory isenendlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe, kuba impumelelo yemimandla ephucukileyo nephucukileyo ingxamisekile.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuno yeemveliso zokwahlula umoya kwishishini lentsimbi iye yahluka kakhulu.Abasebenzisi abaninzi abafuni kuphela i-oxygen, kodwa kunye ne-nitrogen ephezulu ecocekileyo kunye ne-argon gas, okanye ezinye iigesi ezinqabileyo.Okwangoku, i-Wuhan Iron kunye ne-Steel Co., Ltd., iShougang kunye nezinye ii-mell zentsimbi ezinkulu zineseti ezininzi zezixhobo zokwahlula umoya ezikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo ezisebenzayo.Imveliso yegesi ehloniphekileyo yezixhobo zokwahlula umoya ayinakuhlangabezana nemfuno yemveliso yelizwe kuphela, kodwa iphinde izise inzuzo enkulu yezoqoqosho.

Ngophuhliso olukhulu lweentsimbi zentsimbi, endaweni yokuxhasa iyunithi yokwahlula umoya ijolise kushishino olukhulu kunye nolwahlulo lomoya emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophuhliso, iinkampani zasekhaya zokwahlula umoya zinethemba lokubamba amashishini aphambili ehlabathi, ababoneleli basekhaya, abamelwe. yi hangyang co kunye nezinye iplanti yokwahlula umoya iye yaphuhlisa 8-120000 amabakala kwezixhobo zokwahlula umoya enkulu, isixhobo irhasi yasekhaya enqabileyo iye kwakhona uphando ngempumelelo kunye nophuhliso, i-electronic Air China yaqala kade noko, kodwa kukuqinisa uphando kunye nophuhliso, bakholelwa. ukuba ngenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ishishini lokwahlula igesi eChina liya phesheya, lisingise kwihlabathi.